Hello? - Original Writing :: Papers

Hello? - Original piece The women slid into the luxurious crumpled white leather sofa and let the soar upwards of cushions envelop her. Bathed in the subtle commence she sat, gazing mindlessly into her TV. Inside the broad(a) living room, the large mirror hung majestically over the ornate rock and roll fireplace and the traditional rug from South Africa was stretched out on the glossy, woody floor rise up positioned ornaments were placed around the room, giving it soul and life. And a soothing snug sound from the grandfather clock floated around the room. Warm-hearted pictures of friends, family and of her conserve gave the room a familiar character. The TV flickered and fuzzed and a smart, well spoken, serious looking newsreader began with the bad news as usual, plainly this time, it was much more significant. The women immediately sat up, with an uneasy look facing pages over her face. She leaned ahead and listened carefully to the incoming news report. The man strode forward through the bushes, as he passed he brushed aside the leaves and entangle the soft squelch of mud under his boots. As he reached the thoroughfare the gravel crunched, and ground as the stones gnashed together. Catching a stone from the new red brick wall it shattered into fragments. The light from the street lamp glinted off his agree which he quickly covered up, stopping on his way to grinding his thick, dark, grainy stubble he made his way to the house. The last rays of light had fallen and now the dark had completely covered the ground. The eeriness crept in, and like some unsure sign, it made itself known that non visible. there was something there, and she could feel it. She walked to the front door looking left, then looking obligation as she took each step, and with every glance she expected to see something she did not want to. Her keys jostled and echoed in the high ceiling hallway and with her slightl y quivering hands she found it hard to place the key in the lock, but just as the

Epidemics in Colonial America

John Duffy, a true historian, contri scarcelyed immensely to the history of medicine by publishing his research in the form of his first day entertain Epidemics in Colonial America. Duffy continued to write other books as well nonwithstanding this particular angiotensin converting enzyme stood as a landmark in his career, facilitating all those interested in the field of medicine. In writing this book, Duffys main(a) goal was to clarify epidemic complaints in order of importance and expose their direct and indirect effects on colonial development.He showed how the health environment is important for economic outcomes and that in that location is a direct effect of health conditions on income and an indirect effect on institutions. There is clearly no hidden goal or aim of the author and whatever he has intended to show is pretty apparent and understandable. His book is much on the lines of medical history/ economic fix and is more than descriptive and informative than theoretical.Epidemics in Colonial America provides, in detail, the history of illness epidemics in America and guides the reader d hotshot the age of epidemics to show how the outbreak of dissimilar distempers realised the development of colonial America. The book explains how epidemic diseases have been affected, and immorality verse, have affected the isolation of rural societies, changing economic conditions, wide-ranging manoeuver conditions and the factors determining poverty and wealth. BodyThe seventeenth century is identified as the period when epidemics were fairly limited in their impact as the interaction between the stack of different colonies was minimum and communities were more isolated than they would be in the future. As a result any disease would go along localized to the people of a particular community and not fabricate an epidemic. However, the situation progressively changed by the end of the eighteenth century when there was more commercialized act ivity/economy. The increased mobility and urbanization led to a greater threat of epidemics sprinkle heading from the rural areas.The situation obviously change state by the end of the nineteenth century as mobility was further modify and there was increased urbanization. The scant(p) urban centers began experiencing high death judge from diseases like cholera, tuberculosis etc that were endemic in cities like bare-assed York, Boston, Philadelphia and brand-new Orleans. Yellow febrility, Small lues venerea, malaria, hookworm infection, beri-beri, Typhoid and Dysentry, and Idiocy are amongst the epidemic diseases in colonial America. The detail of each, along with its effects has been given in the book.The impact of the mosquito borne diseases, Yellow fever and malaria, was greater on the colonists of Jamestown as compared to that in New England. Yellow Fever came from Barbados and spread in Philadelphia and New York, and later on in Boston. Thousands of people pretermit vi ctim to the disease and several left(a) discompose areas. As is the case with other epidemics, business activity came to a standstill, unemployment rose along with the death rate. People who chose to stay in the afflicted areas had to take severe precautionary measures, but to little effect.They would shut themselves in their homes and keep the sick isolated from the rest in mosquito nets. The period of the disease is almost one week, by the end of which the person either dies or recovers and becomes immune to it. However, the instances of recoin truth were little and as history tells us, several hours of work had to be put in just to bury the loose. The Yellow Fever epidemic in 1793 killed around 5,000 people in Philadelphia, which is approximately 10% of its population.Moving on, Small Pox was introduced in America by the European colonists and effected the native Americans the most as they had little immunity to the disease be cause of having very little or no exposure to it. The entire native American population was swept off by the disease and as Duffy quotes a letter by a South Carolina resident in his book which severalises that Small Pox swept away a whole coterminous Indian nation, all to 5 or 6 which ran away and left their dead unburied. In the book, Duffy also describes it by saying that the epidemic in 1738 killed one half of the Cherokee Indians near Charleston.The effect of such an epidemic was reduced fortress to western expansion in the U. S. In another reported incident, close to U. S Army men distributed blankets that had been used by smallpox and morbilli victims, to Indian tribes that also immediately fell prey to the diseases. The small pox epidemic was this disastrous because of its highly contagious nature and the fact that it spreads through even minimum pitying contact. It can choke the nostrils and also cause blindness. Prevention efforts were made by colonists who tried using isolation and inoculation, a controversial proced ure introduced in Boston in 1721.The patient was injected with a mild form of the disease for a short while to ca-ca immunity and antibodies to counter the virus. As a result, a person would pop out the disease for a shorter while as compared to if they had gotten the disease naturally. A more crude form of this procedure was practice sessiond by the African Americans and was called variolation. The practice consisted of transferring the pus or the scabs from the wounds of the already-affected people and injecting them in the open wounds of unaffected people in order to create immunity.Malaria was also one of the epidemics in the U. S. It became one of the significant diseases of the colonial times as it spread from Maryland to Alabama, Georgia, bit and Mexico. The mosquito parasite began spreading faster a s virgin estate was introduced in Carolina and the Blacks were available as victims for the mosquitoes. The parasite then gradually spread to the whites and eventually beca me an epidemic. The hookworm disease infection was another one of the diseases, starting from Florida and Louisiana.The Hookworm parasite spread through the moist soils from Virginia and just like Malaria, the primaeval American slaves were its carriers. The Beri-Beri disease, a simple deficiency of vitamin B, on the other roll was curable to a great extent. One of the most widely spread diseases, Tuberculosis, remained a highlight of the nineteenth century as it became very putting surface amongst the people of rural areas and also the poor people of urban areas. Its airborne nature accounted for the high number of people who were affected by the disease and it took several decades for doctors to come up with a counter to this disease.Duffys book mentions other diseases and their effects on America as well but the ones mentioned above were the most significant ones. They hold great importance in maki9ng the present what it is today as they left a lot for the human race to learn from in terms of medical advances. Conclusion The outbreaks of epidemics not only affected the western expansion but also halted the performance of many cities in America. People were unwilling to work at the attempt of their health and lives and therefore businesses and industries collapsed as unemployment rose.The economy fell and people best-loved staying indoors to protect themselves. Education, industry, economy, agriculture and every other structure fell prey to the epidemics that hit the U. S. Local outbreaks became epidemics of a national nature as the transport systems developed and coastal trade began. The nineteenth century cut water and airborne diseases spreading throughout the U. S as poor sewage systems, dirty drinking water and poor food smell etc added to the spread. Eventually, the life expectancy of an average American greatly fell.On a more ordained note, these epidemics had a great lesson to teach as far as the knowledge of medicine is concerned. It dish u ped modern medicine develop into what it is today and facilitated doctors traffic with patients suffering from similar diseases to a great extent. Even though these disease were thought as a punishment for the sins that had been committed by the people, its positive aspect should not be ignored. Epidemics in Colonial America is a significant addition to the literature of medicine and the efforts of John Duffy should be accept for the immense help that they are.Duffy has remained successful in his attempts of creating awareness regarding the diseases that have strike colonial America in the past and has effectively shown their effects on the people, their incomes, the environment and the development of the United States. The details in the book help paint a fairly adequate picture of the colonial years and make it easy for one to imagine the magnitude of the diseases that occurred. Therefore, it is safe to say that Duffy succeeded in his efforts and should be remembered for them.R eferenceDuffy, John. Epidemics in Colonial America. Baton make up Louisiana State University Press, 1953.

Malaysia †Quarterly Balance of Payment in 2010-2012 Essay

This report is centre on the analysis of Malaysias chemical equilibrium of payment for lowest sextet reaps (from Q3/2011 to Q3/2012). It will show the impact of balance of payment to frugality or the pecuniary crisis. The last part of this report will hold the summary and the forecast the Malaysias balance of payment in the future. terce guide of 2011Current key the up-to-date posting balance save a trim of RM26.6 zillion, an profit of RM3.2 jillion (13.8 percent). This high supererogatory was attributed to the set about unclutter payments on income of RM3.8 jillion high otiose on goods of RM38.2 cardinal. Goods estimate the surplus on goods attachd to RM38.2 jillion by Exports FOB spread out by RM5.0 jillion to place down RM176.7 trillion. The demands for exports FOB was in the main contributed by galvanizing & angstrom electronic products, medallion petroleum & deoxyadenosine monophosphate address fossil oil based products and liquefied natural gas (LNG). Moreover, Imports FOB post RM138.5 one thousand thousand, an increase of RM3.1 one thousand million (2.3 percent).This was attributed to high value of imports service discover Exports of operate registered RM26.6 meg. Meanwhile, imports of work post RM29.0 zillion. On shekels basis, the services bill experienced high deficit of RM2.4 meg from RM0.7 one thousand thousand precedently. This was mainly due(p) to 1. raze exonerate communicate in travel story of RM5.5 gazillion from RM6.7 one million million million and 2. high pl beneath payments in transportation tale of RM6.7 meg from RM6.3 one thousand million.Income forecast income utility save RM13.9 million from RM11.2 one million million anteriorly, of which investing income recorded RM13.0 one million million and hire of employees RM0.9 billion. On the payments side, income calculate registered RM17.8 billion from RM18.0 billion, of which enthronization income recorded RM16.3 bill ion and recompense of employees RM1.4 billion. So in that respect was more enthronisation in Malaysia. Current Transfers shekels payments on current transfers remained unchanged. chapiter account In the current pull back of 2011, the gravid account recorded a high(prenominal)(prenominal) last making water of RM58.0 billion from that of RM26.0 million posted last pull. Year-on-year, last(a) wetting of keen account narrowed from RM63.0 million. Cumulatively, the crown account recorded start berth gelt evasion of RM97.0 million from RM166.0 million in the first nine months of 2010. pecuniary account The financial account reverted to make gush of RM23.3 billion from salary influx of RM44.5 billion foregoingly. This was mainly due to a shudder in portfolio investiture from concluding inflow of RM48.1 billion to gelt efflux of RM23.4 billion. develop enthronement conduce investment posted elucidate income efflux of RM7.7 billion, consisting of DIA high salary outflow of RM12.9 billion. The major sectors attributed to DIA were financial & adenylic acid insurance policy, oil & adenylic acid gas, and construction. FDI debase gelt inflow of RM5.2 billion. FDI inflows were primarily channeled into manufacturing, oil & adenylic acid gas, and in large quantities & angstrom unit retail make out sectors. Portfolio Investment Portfolio investment reverted to net outflow of RM23.4 billion from net inflow of RM48.1 billion previously. Year-on-year, portfolio investment also showed a turnaround from net inflow of RM18.3 billion a year ago. diffidence assets The international militia Bank Negara Malaysia change magnitude by RM10.9 billion in the current tail assembly as comp atomic number 18d to an increase of RM61.7 billion in Q2 2011. twenty-five percent absorb of 2011Current account the current account recorded a surplus of RM22.0 billion, a ebb of RM4.6 billion. The lower surplus was reflected in high net payments on income of RM5.6 billion, high net payments on services of RM4.0 billion, and lower surplus on goods of RM36.9 billion. Goods Account goods registered a lower surplus amounting to RM36.9 billion from RM38.2 billion a tail end ago. This was attributed to the higher imports FOB. The demand for exports FOB was mainly associated to electrical & antiophthalmic factor electronic products, palm oil & palm oil based products and liquefied natural gas (LNG). In the meantime, there was the higher imports FOB Services Account exports of services registered higher net return of RM28.1 billion, an increase of RM1.5 billion. Meanwhile, imports of services increased by RM3.0 billion (10.3 per cent) to record RM32.0 billion from RM29.0 billion in Q3 2011. In marges of net, the net payments on services account broadened to RM4.0 billion from RM2.4 billion previously. This was mainly due to higher net payments on different services amounting to RM3.2 billion as compared to RM1.1 billion in July kinsf olk 2011.Income Account In the current quarter, income receipts recorded RM14.7 billion from RM13.9 billion in the preceding quarter. The RM0.8 billion increase was reflected in higher receipts on investment income of RM13.8 billion, while compensation of employees systematically maintained receipts of RM0.9 billion. On net basis, the disbursal on income account widened to RM5.6 billion from RM3.8 billion. This was contributed by higher net spending on some(prenominal) investment income of RM4.8 billion and compensation of employees of RM0.8 billion. Current Transfers Net payments on current transfers continued to record RM5.3 billion for three consecutive quarters.Current transfers cut an increase in both receipts and payments amounting to RM1.5 billion and RM6.8 billion. Capital account In Q4 2011, detonator account posted lower net outflow of RM54.0 million from RM58.0 million in Q3 2011. This was mainly due to lower net payments on capital transfers from RM34.0 million to RM16.0 million. Financial account In the quarter under re absorb, financial account posted net inflow of RM0.2 billion, a reversal from net outflow of RM23.3 billion. This scenario was supported by the lower outflow in portfolio investment of RM2.7 billion, coupled with higher inflow in other investment of RM11.2 billion.Direct Investment Direct investment posted a net outflow of RM7.9 billion from RM7.7 billion last quarter, of which DIA higher net investment outflow of RM14.3 billion. The major sectors attributed to DIA were oil & gas, financial & insurance, and utilities. FDI higher net inflow of RM6.5 billion. FDI inflows were primarily channeled into manufacturing, oil & gas, and sweeping & retail trade sectors. Portfolio Investment Portfolio investment registered lower net outflow of RM2.7 billion from RM23.4 billion attained last quarter. Year-on-year, portfolio investment reverted from net inflow of RM3.5 billion to net outflow of RM2.7 billion. nurse AssetsThe international reserves of Bank Negara Malaysia increased by RM6.3 billion in Q4 2011 as compared to an increase of RM10.9 billion in Q3 2011, stood at RM423.4 billion as at finish of 2011.First quarter of 2012Current account In the period January skirt 2012, current account recorded lower surplus of RM18.1 billion from RM22.4 billion in Q4 2011. This was mainly attributed to Income account A higher net outflow of RM8.6 billionGoods account A lower surplus of RM35.8 billion.Goods Account goods registered lower surplus of RM35.8 billion (-RM1.0 billion or -2.8 per cent) from RM36.8 billion last quarter. This was due to light in exports FOB larger than that of imports FOB Services Account exports of services registered RM27.9 billion from RM29.0 billion during Q4 2011, consisting of the following components transportation of RM3.3 billion, travel of RM14.7 billion, other services of RM9.9 billion, and government activity transactions of RM49.0 million. Meanwhile, imports of servic es decreased. On net basis, services account remained unchanged Income Account On net basis, the income outlay widened by RM3.3 billion to RM8.6 billion from RM5.3 billion recorded in the preceding quarter, specifically due to higher net outlay on investment income of RM7.8 billion from RM4.5 billion. Current Transfers current transfers continued to record net payments RM5.3 billion. Both receipts and payments saw an increase amounting to RM1.5 billion and RM6.8 billion. Capital account capital account posted higher net outflow of RM166.0 million from RM55.0 million in Q4 2011.This was mainly due to higher net payments on capital transfers to RM93.0 million from RM17.0 million. Financial account financial account recorded a higher net outflow of RM10.3 billion from RM0.2 billion posted in previous quarter. This higher net outflow was mainly attributed to other investment reverted to net outflow RM26.1 billion from net inflow RM11.0 billion, and direct investment higher net outflow o f RM9.4 billion from RM8.2 billion. Direct Investment Direct investment registered a net outflow of RM9.4 billion from RM8.2 billion last quarter, of which DIA higher net outflow of RM16.9 billion which were wholesale & retail trade, financial & insurance, and health services.FDI higher net inflow of RM7.5 billion. FDI inflows were primarily channeled into oil & gas, financial & insurance, and manufacturing sectors. Portfolio Investment The portfolio investment switched to net inflow of RM25.3 billion from net outflow of RM2.7 billion previously. Meanwhile year-on-year, portfolio investment registered higher net inflow by RM16.9 billion to RM25.3 billion. Other Investment In the current quarter, other investment reverted to a net outflow of RM26.1 billion from a net inflow of RM11.0 billion. This was attributable to a turnaround in the private sector to -RM25.6 billion from a net inflow of RM11.1 billion. obligate Assets The international reserves of Bank Negara Malaysi a decreased by RM7.2 billion in Q1 2012 as compared to an increase of RM6.2 billion in Q4 2011, stood at RM416.1 billion as at end of March 2012.Second quarter of 2012Current account In April June 2012, current account balance showed a lower surplus of RM9.6 billion, a decrease of RM8.5 billion from RM18.1 billion attained a quarter ago. The lower surplus was reflected in Goods account recorded lower surplus by RM6.4 billion to RM29.4 billion from RM35.8 billion and Income account the net outlay widened by RM3.1 billion to RM11.7 billion from RM8.6 billion. Goods Account the current quarter, the goods account registered a lower surplus of RM29.4 billion as compared to RM35.8 billion in the previous quarter. This was due to imports FOB which expanded at a faster stride (7.3 per cent) relative to that of exports FOB (2.1 per cent). Exports FOB increased to RM177.7 billion compared to RM174.0 billion in Q1 2012. This was mainly contributed by higher exports for electrical & electr onic products and palm oil & palm oil based products. Imports FOB go to RM148.2 billion.This was due to higher domestic demands for imports by end- intent for three major categories viz. intermediate goods, capital goods, and consumption goods. Services Account In the quarter under review, exports of services registered RM28.9 billion from RM27.9 billion last quarter. Meanwhile, imports of services increased by RM0.7 billion from RM31.7 billion a quarter ago, of which transportation of RM10.4 billion, travel of RM9.0 billion, other services of RM12.8 billion and, government transactions of RM194.0 million. On net basis, services account posted lower net payments of RM3.6 billion from RM3.8 billion last quarter. This was led by a lower deficit on other services from RM2.5 billion to RM1.8 billion. On the contrary, transportation posted higher net payments of RM7.1 billion while travel recorded lower net receipts of RM5.4 billion. Income Account In the current quarter, income rec eipts registered RM9.0 billion from RM9.6 billion in Q1 2012.On net basis, the income outlay broadened to RM11.7 billion from RM8.6 billion posted in the previous quarter. This was solely due to higher net outlay in investment income amounting to RM11.1 billion. Meanwhile, compensation of employees recorded a lower net outflows of RM0.6 billion. For the first half of 2012, the deficit on income account broadened to RM20.3 billion, affected by higher net payments on investment income Current Transfers In the quarter under review, the net payments on current transfers narrowed to RM4.6 billion. Both receipts and payments increased to record RM2.3 billion and RM6.9 billion. Capital account In Q2 2012, the capital account registered lower net outflow of RM67.0 million from RM166.0 million last quarter. This was due to lower net outflow on both capital transfers and non-produced, nonfinancial assets by RM60.0 million and RM40.0 million, respectively.Financial account In the quarter ended June 2012, the financial account turn around to a net inflow of RM5.4 billion from net outflow of RM10.3 billion previously. This movement was compulsive by a switch in both other investment and direct investment. On the contrary, portfolio investment saw a reversal to net outflow of RM5.0 billion, from net inflow of RM25.3 billion. Direct Investment The direct investment switched to a net inflow of RM3.5 billion from a net outflow of RM9.4 billion last quarter, of which DIA recorded lower net outflow of RM2.5 billion. These investments were by and large directed into oil & gas, real estate, and financial & insurance sectors.FDI lower net inflow of RM6.1 billion, decreased by RM1.4 billion from RM7.5 billion previously. FDI inflows were primarily channeled into oil & gas, manufacturing, and financial & insurance sectors. Portfolio Investment Portfolio investment reverted to net outflow of RM5.0 billion from net inflow of RM25.3 billion previously. Meanwhile year-on-ye ar, portfolio investment turned around to net outflow of RM5.0 billion from net inflow of RM48.0 billion in Q2 2011. On the contrary, for the period January June 2012, portfolio investment registered lower net inflow of RM20.3 billion from RM56.5 billion, a decrease of RM36.1 billion.Reserve AssetsThe international reserves of Bank Negara Malaysia increased by RM12.7 billion in Q2 2012 as compared to a decrease of RM7.2 billion in Q1 2012, stood at RM428.8 billion as at end of June 2012.Third quarter of 2012Current account The current account balance recorded a lower surplus of RM9.5 billion for the period of July September 2012, as compared to RM9.6 billion in the preceding quarter. This lower surplus was reflected in Goods account lower surplus RM25.5 billionCurrent transfers the net payments widened to RM4.7 billion Meanwhile, income and services account recorded lower net payments of RM7.9 billion and RM3.4 billion Goods Account In the quarter under review, the goods account r egistered a lower surplus of RM25.5 billion as compared to RM29.4 billion in the previous quarter. This was due to decrease in exports FOB by 1.8 per cent relative to increase in imports FOB by 0.5 per cent. Services Account exports of services remained the same as previous quarter Income Account the income receipts recorded RM11.4 billion increased by RM2.5 billion from RM9.0 billion in Q2 2012. Compensation of employees remained RM1.0 billion and investment income attained RM10.4 billion. The investment income comprises of direct investment abroad (DIA) higher receipts of RM3.8 billion, mainly generated from financial & insurance, oil & gas, and information & communication sectors portfolio investment higher receipts of RM1.3 billionother investment higher receipts of RM5.4 billionHowever, income payments (debit) recorded RM19.4 billion decreased by RM1.3 billion from RM20.7 billion in Q2 2012. On net basis, the income account deficit reduced to RM7.9 billion from RM11.7 billion previously. This was primarily due to a lower net payments in investment income amounting to RM7.2 billion, while compensation of employees recorded higher net payments of RM0.7 billion. Current Transfers In the third quarter 2012, both receipts and payments decreased to record RM1.4 billion and RM6.1 billion. On net basis, this account recorded higher net payments RM4.7 billion. Capital account In Q3 2012, the net outflow decreased to RM42.0 million from RM67.0 million last quarter. This was due to lower outflow on both capital transfers and nonproduced nonfinancial assets which recorded RM24.0 million and RM18.0 million Financial account In the current quarter, the financial account reverted to a net outflow of RM8.7 billion from net inflow of RM5.4 billion reported previously.This was due to a swing in both portfolio investment from net outflow of RM5.0 billion to net inflow of RM27.6 billion and other investment to net outflow of RM38.1 billion from net inflow of RM5.9 b illion. On the contrary, direct investment recorded lower inflow RM1.9 billion from RM3.5 billion. Direct Investment Direct investment posted a lower net inflow of RM1.9 billion from RM3.5 billion during previous quarter. Portfolio Investment Portfolio investment recorded a net inflow of RM27.6 billion, turned around from net outflow of RM5.0 billion previously. Similarly, year-on-year, portfolio investment switched to net inflow from net outflow of RM28.0 billion in Q3 2011. Reserve Assets The international reserves of Bank Negara Malaysia decreased RM7.5 billion in Q3 2012 as compared to an increase of RM12.7 billion in Q2 2012, stood at RM421.3 billion as at end of September 2012.Summary and Forecasting of Balance of PaymentAs you seen that, the balance of trade (export-import) both of goods and services continually decrease between third quarter of 2011 to third quarter of 2011. Especially, the last two quarter (Q2/2012 and Q3/2012). The major reasons are the Eurozone Crisis and Hamburger crisis in United State of America that provide a large impact to Malaysia in term of export of goods and services. In warrant quarter of 2012 it decrease 19.78 percent from the first quarter of 2012 and it also decrease 14.54 in the third quarter. For these reasons makes Malaysias export decline because the europiuman countries and the States are the large market for Malaysian exporter. The financial account is very(prenominal) fluctuating between these five quarters. The causes are Eurozone crisis and Hamburger crisis same as above problems.The investors confident are decline. It make the direct investment decrease in the third quarter of 2012 and other investment was negative RM 38,083 million. On the other hand, a lot of investors move their portfolio to Malaysia for avoid the risk and suspicion in Europe and USA. That makes the portfolio investment surplus RM 27,588 million. In the near future, the balance of payment of Malaysia will be continually decrease in ter m of balance of trade, current account and the financial account will be increasing.The central bank of Malaysia will cut the interest rate and use the fiscal deficit policy. This cause will make the Malaysias citizen has more income and more consumption. Next, Malaysia will import more goods and services to server their peck due to the higher purchasing power. In term of financial account will be change in positive way. When the Malaysian government cut the interest rate, it will attract the foreign investors to invest and throw out the economy. The portfolio investment will be also surplus because the problems in Europe and USA. So, the investors will avoid their risk by investing in Malaysias financial market.References http//www.statistics.gov.my/ portal/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1324%3Aquarterly-balance-of-payments-performance-julyl-september-2011-updated-18112011&catid=103%3Amalaysia-balance-of-payments&Itemid=153&lang=en http//www.statistic s.gov.my/portal/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1413%3Abop&catid=103%3Amalaysia-balance-of-payments&Itemid=153&lang=en http//www.statistics.gov.my/portal/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1586%3Abalance-of-payments-first-quarter-2012updated-23052012-&catid=103%3Amalaysia-balance-of-payments&Itemid=153&lang=en http//www.statistics.gov.my/portal/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1700%3Aquarterly-balance-of-payments-performance-april-june-2012-updated-15082012&catid=103%3Amalaysia-balance-of-payments&Itemid=153&lang=en http//www.statistics.gov.my/portal/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1797%3Aquarterly-balance-of-payments-third-quarter-2012-updated-16112012&catid=103%3Amalaysia-balance-of-payments&Itemid=153&lang=en http//www.tradingeconomics.com/malaysia/net-trade-in-goods-and-services-bop-us-dollar-wb-data.html

Online Learning V.S Traditional Classroom Learning Essay

I think whether it is online education or tralatitious shape attainment both(prenominal) should be taken into consideration when planning to kick upstairs education. I personally did non consider the facts when I decided to get on my education. I had started out in a handed-down twelvemonthroom only when soon after realized it was not the right choice. It was hard to richly apply myself when I was come aftering a traditional divideroom because I was a working wife and mother. Online nurture and traditional discipline willing show that both of these are great natural selections depending on who the student may be and which educational program the student has chosen.Online information and traditional learning each commence their merits and faults. Online breaker points swallow become a perfect pickaxe for individuals who may not be able to enroll in a traditional classroom. When you compare the two learning classes, the biggest difference is that students studyin g online dedicate the flexibility to process classes at their receive pace and time. In a campus-based classroom they require that students attend class a certain make out of propagation every week, at specific times. Traditional class learning may not be the option for citizenry who form children or work long hours.Learning online would be a break down option for these people because they drive out make their own inscription for when they will attend class. Both online and traditional classes give students the opportunity to interact with other students and their professors. With a traditional classroom you can interact with students and professors face -to -face. In online learning there is no face- to -face interaction with classmates or instructors. Online learning interaction can consist of chat rooms, e-mail, main forums, and over the teleph nonpareil.Traditional class students fox a give away advantage of understanding the materials because they can take a shit t hat sensation on- wholeness time with the instructor face- to -face. It may be a undersized harder for online students to grasp the materials because they do not have that face- to -face interaction. Online learning and traditional class learning work assignments are similar and different in their own ways. In both online and traditional learning classes you lull have assignments that have to be completed by a certain time.In the traditional class your assignments are done on paper and with online learning you have to submit your assignments on the computer. as well as with traditional class learning one has the opportunity to present in front of their classmates, while online students do not have that option. They are only able to present their presentations to the instructors. In both classes you still have homework and you have to participate in class. Online learning requires you to participate and attend class a certain number of times but there is no specific times or day s.They have the option to decide when that will be but with traditional class you have to attend class every day you are schedule and participate every day. Earning a degree at a traditional college can be very expensive but obtaining a online degree can be a lot less expensive for students. exceptionally less, but they offer students the same loan and grant benefits offered at a traditional college. Online schools and traditional schools offer the same financial aid packages. Students who attend a traditional class usually have to net income change of location cost and living cost.Online learning students do not have to pay these extra costs because they are learning from home and that requires no traveling. Also with online schools you do not have to pay for facilities like residence halls, eat halls, gyms and libraries. Most provide access to virtual libraries and some even have partnerships with local facilities. There are many similarities and differences between online lear ning and traditional class learning. The facts show that both are great options to consider, depending upon the person and his or her day- to- day schedule.One method to determine how well online learning and traditional class learning might work for you is to consider the benefits and disadvantages of both. Researching and planning in advance can help a person in deciding which would better fit his or her needs. I have found online learning to better fit my needs because I can make my own schedule concerning attending class. I am a mother and wife so I have many responsibilities and this option gives me time to take sustainment of my household while still being able to obtain a degree at my own pace. Do the research to see which one is the right option for you at this time in your life.Most people think that their decision to go to college only affects them but it affects your family also. You have to still be able to do for your family and handle your business at home. I also su ggest if you are attending a traditional college and it seems to be too overwhelming for you at times you should really consider onerous the online learning. Becoming successful in life depends on the choices you make end-to-end life, whether they be good or bad choices. So choose wisely which learning class be it online learning or traditional learning is right for you and your family.

John Updike

Eliana Orosco Mrs. King Composition II 8 action 2013 A& ampP John Updike was a prolific writer of novels, short stories, essays, poems, and childrens tale. In the early stories such as A&P John Updike uses memories from his childhood and teenage years. For the sort of smaller scenes and stories for which he quickly became famous for (Updike 233). Updike uses the elements of setting, mood, and characters to illustrate the theme of a contumacious generation in the short fiction story A&P.The setting of the A&P takes place in a small town north of Boston around 1960. Sammy of necessity a sympathetic listener (or reader), someone who will grasp the core he is constructing for himself as he puts his actions into narrative order. Collapsing past and present in rapid yet reflective colloquial speech, Sammy tells how three teenage girls, barefoot, in bathing suits, came into the A & P store to make a purchase. As they move through the aisles, Sammy, from his work station, fi rst ogles them and then idealizes the prettiest and nigh confident of the three.He names her, to himself, Queenie and though he jokes with his fellow cashier ab reveal(predicate) the girls sexiness, he is quietly disgusted by the providedchers frankly lustful compliments as the girls search for what they want to buy. Worse is his managers puritanical rebuke for their edge attire as Queenie pays Sammy for her purchase. Outraged that his manager, Lengel, has made that pretty girl bloom and wanting to demonstrate his refusal of such demeaning authority, Sammy quits his job on the spot.Though the girls leave without recognizing their hero, and though his manager tries to dissuade him from disappointing his parents, Sammy feels that once you range a communicate, its fatal not to go through with it (196). He acts decisively, but the girls have disappeared from the parking lot by the time he exits the store. In practical terms, Sammys action has gained him nothing and cost him eve ry(prenominal)thing, but his narrative affirms his gesture as a liberating form of dissent, (M.Gilbert Porter discusses Sammys dissent as Emersonian nonconformance Porter 1155-58. ) Sammy does not see how he could have done otherwise, though he finds himself at odds with the only society he knows, reliable that the world will be hard to me, hereafter (Updike 238). The time of year in the story illustrates the old generation versus a new generation. The storyteller states that the way the young ladies were dressed isnt normally how they dress in the AP a very respectable supermarket.Sammy notices everyones demeanor towards the girls while they walk the aisles like when he says, The sheep thrust their carts down the aisle-the girls were walk against traffic (not that we have one-way signs or anything) were pretty hilarious. You could see them, when Queenies white shoulders dawned on them, resistant of jerk, or hop, or hiccup, but their eyeball snapped bear out to their own bask ets and on they pushed (Updike 235).Another way the regular guests were so blow out of the water how Queenie and her friends were dressed they had to take a second glare at them, A few house slaves in pin curlers even looked around pushing their carts past to make sure what they had seen was correct. (Updike 235). The mood of the story is informal/ refractory that it illustrates that the AP is an uptight supermarket and everything has to be done the right way. ilk for example when Sammy rings an item up twice and he gets chewed out by one of the customers, I ring it up again and the customer starts giving me hell.She is one of those cash-register-watchers, a witch about fifty with paint on her cheekbones and no eyebrows, and I know it made her day to wind up me up (Updike 234). Mr. Lengel the manager at the AP was the first to nurture to Queenie and her friends that their attire was not acceptable in the supermarket by saying, Girls, this isnt the beach. Girls, I dont want to argue with you. After this come in here with your shoulders covered. Its our policy (Updike 237). The characters in the short story illustrates the unlike rebellious moments in the story.Like for example, when Queenie shows the reader she doesnt care what people hark back about her or has to say when she enters the supermarket with a two piece bikini, go to the AP with your straps down, I suppose its the only kind of face you can have. She held her head so high her neck, advance up out of those white shoulders, looked kind of stretched (Updike 235). When Sammy tells Mr. Lengel, You didnt have to embarrass them (Updike 238). With Mr. Lengel replying to him, It was they who ill-chosen us (238).Then Sammy quits by pulling the bow at the back of the apron and start shrugging it off his shoulders. When Sammy quits his job is also a rebellious moment because he quits to show the girls he stands up for them but when he does there is no one to thank him for his marvellous moment. Samm y finally realizes that the world will be hard to me, hereafter (Updike 238) for the finish he had made for sticking up for people he in truth didnt know. What I learned while reading the story is that with every decision there is consequences.Speaking up for someone may not continuously be the wrong or right thing to do. When you want to blab your own mind and defend someone you should be ready for the consequences coming after. Work Cited John Updike AP. slurred Literature Reading, Reacting, Writing Ed. Laurie G. Kirszner and Stephen R. Mendall. Compact 8th ed. Boston Wadsworth, 2013. 234-38. Print. Saldivar, Toni. The Art of John Updikes A & P. Studies in Short Fiction 34. 2 (1997) 215. Literature Resource Center. Web. 7 Mar. 2013.

Appealing Research Essay: Mortal Kombat Armageddon Essay

 I struggled all semester with using the right amount of teaching to include about the video racys. Mr. Laskowski made it clear that my audience would be unfamiliar with the games context, so I needed to puddle sure I include (1) use the ideas of others as a lively lens to interpret other texts, (2) articulate/present a authoritative purpose, and (3) use correct citations to summarize, paraphrase, and quote as well as integrate the ideas of others accurately, fairly, and grammatically.  Mr. Laskowskis observations were very correct in developing my tastes overall structure. In response, my test has followed these guidelines in order to gather the audiences attention.Readers can readily identify the delimitate of my argument by reading the first two pages.  In my first argument, I disk operating system that, Gerade Jones believes that violent emotion and tension in childrens lives actually bid a beneficial role in their growing (inert your name 1). This introd uction leads my readers into the caterpillar track of my essays purpose. Essay provides an example such as my nephew and his cousin-german throughout the enactment of violent behaviors towards others. I introduce my resources position within each example to establish rapport in the midst of the comparisons.a. Identified Key Argument       Readers are introduced to the complete elements of the paper  venomous Kombat Armageddon and Street Fighter as the video game examples, my nephews interactions, and beneficial opinions that guide a readers identification with my thesis assertion (insert your name 1). These factors contributed to the priming coat of my essay by emphasizing the relationship to reality and fantasy.  My essay establishes its credibility by referencing readers to further materials covered in the topic of game emphasiss affect on young children and teens. I project this very important because plagiarism does not exist within my pa per. Articulates exacting PurposeAlthough I agree that I did not overwhelmingly, my essay implements befitting practices of argument formation. I believe I satisfy the basic requirements of face 102 and I should receive a passing grade for my efforts. My essay presents a circumventive argument begins telling story by detailed background abstract then moves into facts and statistics verifiable by sources. A strong introduction regarding violence and video games states the purpose of my essay and teases readers of its context. My portfolios wishing of logic whitethorn have distracted an audience at first, but its development revamps the basis of my argument. Cited Expert SourcesI stated,Jones (2002) believes that violent emotion and tension in childrens lives actually play a beneficial role in their development (p.6) (insert your name 1). This gives my audience an introduction to an technicals opinion of my essay regarding pestilent Kombats affect on your children.  This a rgument penetrates a readers guess on the information I was preparing to direct them into a mental sphere regarding video game violence. My strengths lied in readily identifying experts, quoting, and plunk for their claims with my evidence.This portfolio generates a readers interests by highlighting the issues at batch readers can envision or feel as if they are a part of the argument by relying on facts (insert name 6). My essays ascribe are be givened in MLA format of in-text citations as you can see in the second paragraph of the first page. Readers can readily identify the outline of my argument by reading the first two pages.  This introduction leads my readers into the caterpillar track of my essays purpose.My essay provides an example such as my nephew and his cousin throughout the enactment of violent behaviors towards others. I introduce my resources position within each example to establish rapport among the comparisons. The comparison continues to highlight the injustices placed on young gamers by ___s argument of person Kombat Armageddons gruesome acts. My vivid details of the heighten visualizations in the games create an edge for readers to feel a part of the argument. I motion a call of action towards further investigations regarding the likelihood of their write Tavens behavior in real lifeTaven has to kill galore(postnominal) enemies to subscribe to through his conquest journey and try to find his comrade Daegon.  This shows good against wondering(a).  This is a good example for children and young adults to choose who they emergency to be when they are grown.  If they choose to be bad, then they should know how bad commonwealth always end up dying or get defeated at the end.  If they choose to be good, then good people always end up with a happy life and trace in whatever they end up doing research has shown that we experience the lack of a consequence as a reward (Jones 51). Excerpt from Mortal Kombat Arm ageddon (insert your name 4).  ConclusionWith this example, Jones acknowledgements round the whole argument into a circumventive placement. An audience of inducive thinkers may have noticed this clear, yet clever organization of thoughts. My essay should receive another review by a different partnership so their angles can be addressed as well. In conclusion, I believe my essay holds credible by following my guide list in creating its sequence as well as its outline for my audience. Furthermore, my citations are in the proper format of MLA, authors have received their credits for expert opinions, and the articulations of my thoughts were suited for my readership.

Economics Essay

1. What did Keynes think some of the chief benefits and forsakes of capitalism were?Keynesian speculation which was developed by Keynes advocates for a mixed economy where the authorities and common soldier sector be important. In Keynesian model economy is expect to be below encompassing drill.  Keynesian argues that the aggregate remove for tidy which seek to ontogenesis employment of resources in the country is the driving hug of an economy.  According to Keynes, the organizations role is to reduced unemployment come in and deflation aim to enhance change magnitude output in an economy (Baqliano and Bertola, 2003). capitalism developed by Max argues that the poor in capitalistic society ar so beca example of exploitation by the merchants who own the centre of production and distribution.  The merchants be said to exploit the poor through low hire.  Marx argued that the value of any economic good should be determined by the labor utilize to m anufacture.  Any cost that is high than the cost of labor represents the surplus which is the clams the capitalists realize from exploitation of their laborers.  Marx believes that all means of production should be progress to by the government activity or should control by the government.  Marx advocated for socialist government that owns the means of production or democratic administration that control them.Economists who take Keynes deny the claims of Marx that labor is the only measure for surplus.  According to Keynes who punt capitalism, employers and employees are guided by the prevailing market fight so employers contribute employment to willing workers.John Keynes believes in capitalistic economy and cal guide on the government to stimulate it but not eliminate it.  However, Keynes site defect in capitalism where he argues that capitalism does not promote full employment, wealth and incomes which the model seeks to achieve in the long run.Keyne sian ideologies have been employed by pol but both(prenominal) abuse of the model, pompousness has resulted.  This is evident with government manipulating policies to make economic conditions favorable during election which has led to high inflation in most state.  Action by government leads to reduce real wages and real incomes which do comply with Keynes model.  capitalist economy has led to segregation of the society into strata according to income and wealth owned.  Most politician use Keynes ideologies by do promises that will earn them votes.  Implementations of the promises require higher(prenominal) taxation which reduces income of individuals (Baqliano and Bertola, 2003).Keynesian advocate for full employment which should be accompanied bribe steady controlled inflation level as an effective means of guiding the economy in he interests of capital.  Keynes argue that real wages do-nothing be allowed to fall, government expenditure on schools, h ospitals and infrastructure stinkpot be reduced as anti-inflationary measures and this inflationary measure should be go along until employment level desired is achieved.According to Keynes denied that unemployment is contributed by capitalism. However Keynes argued that unemployment in capitalism is brought by inadequate demand of personal articles of consumption and tillable articles of consumption.  Keynes argue that inadequate demand is as a result of the workers aid to accumulate part of their incomes through savings and the inadequate demand  for procreative consumption is brought by failure of people to invest their capital profitableness which would lead to amplify in output and hence reduced unemployment.Keynes advocates that employment can be increased by pooh-poohing real wages through inflation introduction and decreasing rate of interest.  Increased rate of interest will encourage investment of capital which will increase aggregate demand.  The g overnment should then expand its budget to allow atomic reactor investment.Consumptive demand can be increased through increased extravagance of the ruling class investing in war inclined(predicate) areas and increased non-productive expenses by the state.  The increased non-productive expenses to attain full employment of the universe will actually lead to diminished living standards of laborers.Keynes in his support for capitalism argued that the workers should not be assisted to rise above the capitalists because capitalists who comprise of intellectuals are the quality of life and they carry seed of achievement.  Keynes argued against socialism where the government owns the production.Keynes in support of capitalism advocates the governments to support monopoly.  The wage unaffectionatezing insurance policy by the federal government in Middle East helped increase the profits of the monopolies small-arm lowering the living standards of the workers.Keynes argue t hat inflation take up about equilibrium position I n capitalism.  In Capitalism Boom lead to increased profits and hence increased prices.  performance expands up to overproduction point where equilibrium is achieved through boom bursting.2. What is the realization problem in using econometric analysis?Identification problem in ecometrics involves solving unique determine of the parameters of the structural model from the values of the parameters of the reduced form of the model.  Reduced form of a model presents a model where endogenous variables are expressed serve ups of exogenous variables. For example prices in a marker are determined by supply and demand, hence must establish the demand and supply functions.  However, the equation obtained by regressing total on market price cannot be identified specifically as either supply or demand function.  In special cases, we use regression to get demand function.  While holding supply function constant or vice versa, but cannot obtain regression while accommodating fluctuation changes in both (Baqliano and Bertola, 2003).Economics EssayThe ace-third areas of economics affect an individual both positively and negatively. First, in making decisions, a person often has to decide on tradeoffs because he/she right cannot afford to buy everything that he/she needs. In other words, sacrifices must be made. Economics, after all, is about allocating the resources available to a person which happens to be peculiar most of the time. This would mean, for instance, that if one has peck aside $10 dollars for chocolates and he/she wants to buy some oranges, the decision would often entail buying less chocolates to change him/her to buy some oranges.This effect is often interpreted as a negative one because a person has to let go of one want in order to satisfy another desire. This illustration clearly shows that budget constraint plays a major role in decision-making. (Mankiw, 2004) The a ct area of economics, interaction with others, affects members of society positively because in a free market economy, prices could not just be dictated by producers and sellers without the familiarity or say of the consumers.In other words, if the price of a sealed commodity proves too expensive, consumers would usually look for cheaper alternatives, thereby causing the demand for the more expensive version to fall. If the 21 colored television set produced by Sony Corporation, for instance, has been priced much higher than the 21 colored television of Philips, chances are that consumers would opt for the television set being sold by Philips because of the lower price. In this case, preference for Sony, which might prove to have a higher quality, could only be expressed by those who have the money, therefore sense of smell no budgetary constraints.Finally, the workings of the economy could affect an individual both positively and negatively. One instant is when government decide s to print and circulate an abnormally high volume of money. This situation forces money to depreciate in value, thereby resulting to inflation. A high level of inflation causes prices to increase because of the additional be being shouldered by manufacturers owing to the lower value of money. An acme of this situation, however, could be a temporary increase in employment. Because of the availability of money, employers can afford to hire additional workers. (Mankiw, 2004)

International Business Essay

Q.2 a) Evaluate the diametric ways in which Bata has interacted with foreign governmental systems in its investments and trading operations abroad. ANS Multinational tangle withprises (MNEs) care Bata must operate in countries with different semipolitical and legal conditions, so the political impact on the foreign investments is very important. This paper explains this issue base on the Bata fiber in three break ups. The first part evaluates the different ways in which Bata has interacted with foreign political systems in its investments and operations aboard. In the second part, the advantages and disadvantages, which MNEs roleplay to their company and the host-country when doing foreign direct investment, argon analyzed relating to the Bata case. And the last part gives a detailed analysis of the complex political impact on international business with credit rating to the political environment in world-wide also supply the way of formulating in effect(p) political strategy.* Batas effective organizational structure and managing style With activities in 60 countries, Canada-based Bata Shoe presidential term has much operational experience both in developed countries and evolution countries and quite a little deal with different political systems. It has an effective organization structure, which consists of Bata check located in Toronto, Canada, acts as headquarters of the operating companies. Regional offices dwell in Toronto, Mexico City, Singapore, Paris, Calcutta and Harare. The International structure a decommutationized organization, where operating companies are independent businesses, supported by a global management team. head-to-head Ownership Bata shoe organization companies induct also entered into a play of joint ventures, retail franchising and brand licensing agreements 1. By and large Batas operations are independent units established in each country where the debauched does business. As such, Bata is able to decen tralize control of its political strategy braggart(a) subsidiaries monumental autonomy in managing relations with their respective government. b) Should Pizza hutch put to a greater extent of its efforts in expanding in Brazil or somewhere in South East Asia? Why? ANS Pizza chantey, nonpareilness of the most popular food chains, opened their 10000Th shops in the Brazilian merchandise in 1994. Pizza shantys parent company is PepsiCo. PepsiCo was difficult to penetrate in Brazilian market in various ways. However, the runway was not as easy as assumed. Pizza Hut approach decline in the Brazilian market. Experts said that there were two equiprobable savvys for this. One is Pizza Huts less successful instauration of in the altogether products and the second is the low price strategy of the rivals.However, Pizza Hut had a high hope to make Brazils their second or trinity major market because Brazil had many location unique(predicate) advantages deal urbanization, size, p opulation, Gross National Product etc. Brazil endured erratic political situations since 1964. After a long military dictatorship, a stable political reformation was done by the year 1997.Economically Brazil has a merge history as well. It has a very good economic potential. It has coming to several natural resources and well knit infrastructures. However, inflation affected the thriftiness very badly. Pizza Hut entered in Brazil in 1988, during the close of high inflation.It followed the practice of corporate franchise. Later, Pizza Hut bought some of the franchises. still still different problems arose like- difference in kitchen-gardenings, cost of maintaining large puss of employees and of course inflation. Gradually, the inflation rate of Brazil normalized. People made more informed decisions and Pizza Hut began to flourish. However, in 1995, sales of Pizza Hut dropped. As a mean of counterattack, Pizza Hut took two different strategies. One was to cut the price by 25% an d an early(a) was to predict various sales related decisions by mingling with local cultures like Samba dance. But both of the plans failed miserably. In these ways, Pizza Hut struggled to ensue in the Brazilian market.Q.3 a) what factors threaten Indias future competitive positions in cashew nut nut nut productions? ANS Since the opening of Chinas doors to world trade in the late 90s, it has become an emerging exceedingly power. Hence, China may be a threat to Indias on-going competitive position in the cashew nut production because it is also capable to support cashew processing with its abundance of human resources, low-wage rates, and practical training in the manual dexterity required in the grant cashew nut production. China is currently engaging in new markets and providing cheap manual labor to other manufacturing.With this, China can feel that the increasing profitable cashew nut industry and decide to enter it because it has the capability to do so. Moreover, the c urrent formulation of the European Union (EU) provides that its members exhaust trade barriers for imports and exports among each other may be a possible threat to Indias United Kingdom market. Since the UK can closely import anything from its neighboring countries without any cost, it might affect the demand of cashew nuts the Europeans may divert their attention from cashew nuts to other products popular in its neighboring countries. Indias competitiveness could also be threatened by the increased Research and Development improvement that countries cosmopolitan are engaging in nowadays. Brazilians (Indias most prominent competitor in the cashew nut industry) may possibly find machinery that can be substituted for the needed hand dexterity for the flavor that Indias cashew nut has.b) Should the United States seek to slim the economic grip on cube? If so, how should it be done? ANS U.S. should not seek to tighten economic grip on Cuba as it is already a wispy economy as compa red to U.S. due to the political environment of the country for the medieval few decades. For U.S. industries and companies Cuba is a very potential market. Also the workforce is efficient, so there is a possibility of efficient labor at discredit cost for U.S. industries. Also, other countries of the world started favoring Cuba and also doubted the rationale of U.S. on direful the embargo.1. Attitude An military posture may be defined as a learned disposition to behave in a consistently good or unfavourable way with respect to a given inclination (Schiffman and Kanuk, 2000). Stated differently, it positions plenty into a frame of mind of liking or disliking things, of moving toward or away from them (Kolter and Armstrong, 2008 p144). It is acknowledged that people have places toward most everything religion, politics, clothes, music, food (Kotler, 2003).For instance The demand for career amends in a country may be affected by the unique culture of the country to the ext ent that it affects the populations risk aversion (Douglas and Wildavski, 1982). Henderson and Milhouse (1987) argue that an single(a)s religion can provide an insight into the individuals behaviour and taste religion is an important component of understanding a nations unique culture. Also, Zelizer (1979) notes that religion historically has provided a strong source of cultural opposition to life redress as many religious people believe that a reliance on life insurance results from a distrust of Gods protect care. But historically, some form of social insurance existed in Nigerian and Africa society long before the introduction of the modern insurance in Nigeria (Osoka, 1992).These social schemes evolved through the existence of extended family system and social associations such as age grades, and other unions. The simplest form of the social insurance was skilful by means of providing cash donations, materials or some periods organized corporal labour to assist members of extended family and members of social or communal associations who gestate a mishap.2. Lack of Knowledge of Insurance Culture In a recent study of quality of life in developing countries with reference to South Africa (Moller, 2004), income and social security (own wages, ability to provide for family, insurance against malady/death and income in old age) have been treated as one of the major indicators of quality of life. This standpoint stresses the significance of insurance to human life. Ironically, insurance services seem not to have been so accepted enthusiastically in developing countries. The abysmal level of insurance culture in developing economies has attracted relative interests among researchers and practitioners alike. Risk has been identified as a central fact of life in the rural areas of less-developed countries (Udry, 1994). Some of the problems associated with this have been marketing. For example, Omar (2005) assesses consumersattitudes towards life insurance patronage in Nigeria and found out that there is pretermit of trust and confidence in the insurance companies. Other major reason for this attitude is lack of knowledge about life insurance product.3. crushed Level of Education Educational status of Nigerians has significant influence on their attitude towards insurance. Educated people have more positive attitude to insurance than less educated ones. In a recent insurance conducted in Lagos, Nigeria. The choice of Lagos is due to its nature as a metropolitan city where most Nigerian ethnic groups are largely represented. position shows that respondents with higher education outperformed others even though no statistical significant difference was observed with vocational education.4. Unemployment Issue Employees working status has a significance effect on Nigerians attitude towards insurance. Retired and Employed Nigerians with means attitude scores of 28.50 and 28.14 respectively outperformed their competitors. No significant d ifference was observed between retired, employed and Self-employed respondents. On the other hand, self-employed people have significantly higher attitude towards insurance than unemployed, student and part time workers. This result is quite similar to findings in most developed world.In Conclusion, The findings of this study suggest some major implications for marketing of insurances services in Nigerian businesses environment which is a big market. Given that attitude is strongly linked to behaviour, marketers of insurance services targeting Nigerians are confronted with the challenge of encouraging people to embrace insurance creation and its associated benefits. Based on the findings, this article confirms negatively charged attitudes of Nigerians to insurance services further.But apart from this broad finding in respect of the negative attitudes to this line of business, this study suggests some specific findings based on different demographical factors of the respondents. T he findings serve as inputs to marketers of insurance services on how they formulate and implement relevant marketing strategies towards addressing the nonchalant attitude of Nigerians to insurance. For instance, specific marketing strategies are required to encourage the young generation under 46 years of age, the divorced/separated, and the less-educated to embrace and appreciate the role of insurance. Since, the grassroots issue associated with this lack of interest rests mainly in their lack of apprehension of the roles of benefits of insurance services it is recommended that significant marketing communication activities with instant salary to both marketers be targeted more at this set of people highlighted. This entrust help to kindle their interest in the business and brings the insurance institution to the highly exalted position it belongs in their perception.

Problem of the Drug Abuse Essay

The hassle of teenagers medicate jest at is not somewhatthing that has sprung up in upstart times. It has been one of the unsolved issues since many decades now. And with modernization, the problem seems as if it is never going to leave. thither could be a myriad of causes of this problem, and in that respect are in addition several types of complications associated with it. As you read further, you would realize the potency of the causes of medicate jest at among teenagers.Causes of Drug Abuse Among Teenagers prescription drug medicine Drug Abuse Among Teenagers This has been found to be one of the well-nigh super C causes of drug addiction, especially in the teens. The term prescription drug outcry, is plainly delimitate as a particularize wherein, the irrefutable medicine is not used in a way the doctor recommends the tolerant to. Meaning, the person takes higher doses of the drugs and even if his/her complaint is cured. The drugs which are common in this cases allow all types of pain killers, drugs for anxiety or sleep disorders, and drugs for triggering stimulant activities. It has been found that al approximately teenagers use these prescription drugs with a image that these are safer than development illicit drugs. absence of Communication One of the potent causes of inebriant and drug poke fun among teenagers is a space that creeps in communication, probably from the parents array. more or less teens whitethorn dupe this notion that their parents mogul not care near them abusing the drugs. So this stresses on the importance of communication amongst parents and children. It is intimately likely that, knowing about the specific dangers and health concerns of drug abuse, would abet teenagers to avoid the habit. So, work with your kids and look for some real in realizeation in the form of statistics and medical explanation about the side effects of drug abuse.Supervision go along this data on drug abuse among teenagers, i t comes to parental supervision which can all save teenagers from stupefyting into the grips of drug abuse or saving them from it. Parents must agree importance to the fact that their children are mum in their teens. This happens to be an age, where they stay the most vulnerable to seize involved in all the undesirable things in their lives. perplex involved in your kids life and let them know that you are interested in what they do and when they do. If you are one of those parents who respectable let their kids do whatever they please, hence you may be providing your children with a delicately prospect to get exposed to drugs. It is most likely that your kids might not respect the fact that you are trying to meddle too much in their lives. However, it is also true that, if you do so, your kids would be the ones to give thanks you later in their lives, when they achieve a matured level of under permiting about all the repercussions of drug abuse. So tangle witht be too mingy about nor too aloof from your kids life. comfortably Available The fact remains that teenagers get to learn most of the things from their parents. As a parent, if you are throwing a party where inebriant is served, then your kids would take it as a clear cue or message, that you have no objection to drinking alcohol. This is where, you stand to be the main offender for promote your kids to get vulnerable for drug abuse. Also, most parents unknowingly let their kids have nark to alcohol, cigarettes, and even prescription medications, when they are not at home. Even in this way, teenagers may used this carelessness of their parents as an opportunity to at least try using all such stuffs.Stress cause Factors Broken relationships, issues in the family, stress caused overdue to peer pressure, studies load, etc., are some of the common factors which trigger stress in teenagers life. These may also be the causes which drive them to renovate to the use of drugs.So, these were some of the potent causes of drug abuse among teenagers. As far as the treatment is considered, if measures are taken at an early stage, then the condition may be well curbed before it gets worse any further. Otherwise, drug abuse replenishment is known to be an effective pecker for the treatment. And talking about the drug abuse prevention, the most important job lies in the interest of parents. If they can reduce the opportunities their kids get themselves into, then there is no other(a) better way to keep the condition at bay.

Buzz Marketing

bombinate merchandising is a type of grape vine trade. grapevine merchandising is when businesses, crossings, services, or events atomic number 18 promoted in written or verbal casting via happy customers who tell others almost their controlling experience. Word-of-m come bring outh marketing is considered to be a to a greater extent credible base of advert because the recipient is hearing the selective information from soulfulness who is not perceived to be out for a profit. Further more(prenominal), the person devising the recommendation has their reputation on the define for fashioning the suggestion.Consumers are more hearming to practice someone that they receipt and require than they are to trust media that has selfish interests. When specifically talk about boil marketing, as contrary to the more broad pipe bound marketing, it is draw as an interaction of consumers and customers (users) of a product, service, business, or event, that increases t he strength of the marketing message. This tail give excitement, anticipation, positive association, etc, which is called bombination. The go is two the marketing by the union and the response by the customers and potential customers. slightly examples of favored buzz marketing fight backs would be the cud surrounding the cut across fete cars, lay waste to Potter mental pictures, Twilight icons, dextral video series, Volkswagens young beattle cars, the Blair charm realize movies, and the beany babies bean stuffed animals. For the crossway feast cars, carrefour gave 100 consumers a hybridization Fiesta car to sweat for 6 calendar months. They were asked to complete different missions either month including delivering Meals on Wheels, taking treats to the discipline Guard, wrestle alligators, going to elope, etc.The participants so set offed share-out their adventures on affable media sites much(prenominal) as YouTube, Flickr, Facebook, Twitter, Ustrea m, etc. This experiment was an spacious success. Ford got 6 and a one-half cardinal views on YouTube and 50,000 information requests. most of the requests came from non-Ford owners. Ford spent a truly depressed amount of money on this campaign compared to how much a regular(prenominal) TV campaign would defy cost. The beany babies were other good buzz marketing campaign. stack became crazed with collecting the stuffed animals because Ty Warner Inc. (the creator) pull ind a bogus sense of scarcity. They purposely retired trusted animals to possess them worthful. They also would not trade in them in large toy stores. They do pile rally that they were scarce and that they would be valu competent into the future. Kids were going crazy do their parents debase them. Even many adults became beanie fluff collectors. Ty didnt even pay to do traditional advertising. They were able to swan on word-of-mouth.They even tried to pull through new animal releases stuffy and c ute to not advertise so that the great unwashed would think that they were underground. Ty Warner did such an undreamed concern of buzz marketing that he was able to make believe himself a billionaire besides finish up of selling stuffed toys. Ty get tod an empire value $6 billion dollars. He did this during the 1990s. This was out front tender media had started. It is likely that if this was through with(p) immediately that social media would have helped him to make a cluster more money.The Blair Witch throw off movie ended up creation rattling victorious due to buzz marketing as well. People who went to hitch the movie thought that they were going to see a documentary about a straightforward tale. When moviegoers were viewing the movie they were truly scarred because they thought it was real. Obviously successful buzz marketing is much cheaper and more in force(p) than traditional advertising. It clear be done for as little as no money. only its effect bat hroom be massive. It lowlife also backfire.It is insufferable to manage for sure how consumers will waiver with your initial buzz marketing idea. You can create a fiction and a buzz, simply there is no behavior to know for sure that consumers will period of play that into a positive buzz or that it wont just raspberry out quickly. In order to elbow grease to create a buzz you indigence to start a compelling horizontal surface. This story demand to have elements such as taboo, unusual, outrageous, salacious, interesting, secretive remarkable and/or hilarious. This story wherefore needs to create a parley.The conversation needs to engage consumers and make them note the story alive. The bottom line in buzz marketing is that it can be very effective. A corporation with an immeasurable advertising budget has the woof of arriver every single consumer in America. But that only amounts to 300 gazillion flavours. An impression does not necessarily pick out to a sale. A successful buzz marketing campaign does much more than have impressions, it gets peoples interest. A sensational story makes a potentially boring product a compelling item that consumers want to buy.Buzz MarketingBuzz Marketing is a type of word-of-mouth marketing. Word-of-mouth marketing is when businesses, products, services, or events are promoted in written or oral form via happy customers who tell others about their positive experience. Word-of-mouth marketing is considered to be a more credible source of advertising because the recipient is hearing the information from someone who is not perceived to be out for a profit. Furthermore, the person making the recommendation has their reputation on the line for making the suggestion.Consumers are more likely to trust someone that they know and like than they are to trust media that has selfish interests. When specifically talking about buzz marketing, as opposed to the more broad word-of-mouth marketing, it is described as an inte raction of consumers and customers (users) of a product, service, business, or event, that increases the strength of the marketing message. This can create excitement, anticipation, positive association, etc, which is called buzz. The buzz is both the marketing by the company and the reaction by the customers and potential customers.Some examples of successful buzz marketing campaigns would be the hype surrounding the Ford Fiesta cars, Harry Potter movies, Twilight movies, Dexter television series, Volkswagens new beattle cars, the Blair Witch Project movies, and the beanie babies bean stuffed animals. For the Ford Fiesta cars, Ford gave 100 consumers a Ford Fiesta car to drive for 6 months. They were asked to complete different missions every month including delivering Meals on Wheels, taking treats to the National Guard, wrestling alligators, going to elope, etc.The participants then started sharing their adventures on social media sites such as YouTube, Flickr, Facebook, Twitter, Ustream, etc. This experiment was an enormous success. Ford got 6 and a half million views on YouTube and 50,000 information requests. Most of the requests came from non-Ford owners. Ford spent a very small amount of money on this campaign compared to how much a typical TV campaign would have cost. The beanie babies were another good buzz marketing campaign.People became crazed with collecting the stuffed animals because Ty Warner Inc. (the creator) created a false sense of scarcity. They purposely retired certain animals to make them valuable. They also would not sell them in large toy stores. They made people think that they were scarce and that they would be valuable into the future. Kids were going crazy making their parents buy them. Even many adults became beanie baby collectors. Ty didnt even have to do traditional advertising. They were able to rely on word-of-mouth.They even tried to keep new animal releases secretive and wanted to not advertise so that people would think that they were underground. Ty Warner did such an incredible job of buzz marketing that he was able to make himself a billionaire just off of selling stuffed toys. Ty created an empire worth $6 billion dollars. He did this during the 1990s. This was before social media had started. It is likely that if this was done today that social media would have helped him to make a lot more money.The Blair Witch Project movie ended up being very successful due to buzz marketing as well. People who went to see the movie thought that they were going to see a documentary about a true story. When moviegoers were viewing the movie they were genuinely scarred because they thought it was real. Obviously successful buzz marketing is much cheaper and more effective than traditional advertising. It can be done for as little as no money. But its effect can be massive. It can also backfire.It is impossible to know for sure how consumers will run with your initial buzz marketing idea. You can create a stor y and a buzz, but there is no way to know for sure that consumers will turn that into a positive buzz or that it wont just fizzle out quickly. In order to attempt to create a buzz you need to start a compelling story. This story needs to have elements such as taboo, unusual, outrageous, salacious, interesting, secretive remarkable and/or hilarious. This story then needs to create a conversation.The conversation needs to engage consumers and make them keep the story alive. The bottom line in buzz marketing is that it can be very effective. A company with an unlimited advertising budget has the option of reaching every single consumer in America. But that only amounts to 300 million impressions. An impression does not necessarily lead to a sale. A successful buzz marketing campaign does much more than have impressions, it gets peoples interest. A sensational story makes a potentially boring product a compelling item that consumers want to buy.

“Amotivational Syndrome”

Jesse Love A motiveal Syndrome and hemp economic role An Ongoing Debate November 30, 2008 The positive degree or negative ca handling of marihuana usage ar a ballpark point of discussion among psychologists. One of the more(prenominal) coarse debates surrounds A motifal Syndrome (i. e. the purported escape of motivation that results from hemp affair). The existence or non-existence of this syndrome has been discussed for everyplace a century among slightly(prenominal) users and non-users alike (Dun foot, 1987, p. 114).The cardinal articles chosen for this essay attempt to modulate whether amotivational syndrome is a by-product of hemp use by applying two separate methods of analysis. By analyzing these articles it give be clear that in that location is no conclusive evidence that suggests a purport correlation amidst amotivational syndrome and ganja use. In 1987, David F. Duncan want to critique former studies of hemp use that claimed amotivational syndrom e was a overriding phenomenon among slap-up marijuana users.He aimed to challenge introductory studies that assumed, in their stopping points, that users of marijuana possessed characteristics of introversion, passivity, and drop of achievement-orientation (Duncan, 1987, p. 114). In his introduction, Duncan introduced botch up-cultural examples w here(predicate) marijuana use is actually utilize as a stimulant for instance in Jamaica, where he compargons marijuana use to North American coffee inhalation (Duncan, 1987, p. 115). Duncan concludes that only by conducting a comparative poll, i. . by victorious a sample of subjects who are both users and non-users, could received evidence for marijuana-related antimotivational syndrome be inflexible (Duncan, 1987, p. 115). Duncan pointed to the flaws a study conducted by Halikas et al. In 1982. Halikas wanted to feel the flavour sentence preponderance of amotivational syndrome in life sequence users of marijuana. To do so, h e posed a single unbelief meant to encompass the criterion of amotivational syndrome.The question encompassed elements much(prenominal) as Have you ever had a period when you werent depressed or unhappy, but you just seemed to lose your motivation although you werent particularly up commit by that feeling? (Duncan, 1987, p. 116). Duncan argued that Halikas et al. s study, in particular, was a failure because it failed to offer a resemblance between users and non-users. Therefore, Duncan apply the same questionnaire and employ it to a series of high-achieving subjects to determine the relative frequency of amotivational syndrome within a larger community of both users and non-users.Duncan selected two hundred cardinal-eight athletic students (some former Olympians) from a European university. All subjects were required to speak side of meat and came from various parts of the world. He began by requesting all subjects to fill out a questionnaire regarding past marijuana con sumption. The subjects were subsequently divided into three groups 1) those who had never used marijuana, 2) those who used marijuana fooling for a thirty day period in their life and, 3) those who used marijuana but could not fill the requirements for group 2 (Duncan, 1987, p. 17). The results of this initial questionnaire indicated that 47. 7% had never used marijuana, 23. 8% were occasional/experimental users and 24. 1% had been daily users. These three groups also responded to the questionnaire borrowed from Halikas et al. It was determined that in that respect was no significant variation in the frequency of amotivational syndrome among marijuana users (Duncan, 1987, p. 117). These results only at go to debunk the initial findings of Halikas et al. and other psychologists who had followed homogeneous methods of analysis.Indeed, Duncan made this explicit in the conclusion of his report. It is clear from Duncans work that a new methodology is required to determine whether am otivational syndrome is more prevalent among marijuana users. The limitations of this enquiry are thusly quite clear. in store(predicate) studies will require both hanker and short-run analysis of both users and non-users. Also, a controlled definition of motivation will be required to determine what a lack in that respectof implies. To make improvements cardinal would therefore need to have access, as Duncan had, to a large body of subjects. It would then e necessary to track these subjects, both users and non-users alike, over a sustained period of time to determine whether or not the likelihood of amotivational syndrome is more common among users or non-users, if there is in fact a rest at all. Duncan in conclusion argued that he was electrostatic prepared to relegate the antimotivational syndrome to the growing jot heap of discarded marijuana myths (Duncan, 1987, p. 118). In 2002, Cherek et al. conducted a much more high-octane study of amotivational syndrome, by-line a sum of the suggestions offered years earlier by Duncan.They offered a vague definition of amotivational syndrome as a set of characteristics including general apathy expiry of productivitylethargy (and) depression among others (Cherek, Lane and Dougherty, 2002, p. 26). condescension these agreed upon attributes of amotivational syndrome, Cherek et al. also rig it ambitious to pinpoint the amotivational phenomenon. They recalled some of the studies referred to by Duncan that found a positive correlation between marijuana usage and amotivational syndrome.By recognizing that amotivational syndrome occurred among users and non-users alike, the researchers concluded that amotivational syndrome was ultimately a question of frequency. Cherek et al. also sought to arrive at a conclusive definition of motivation, both theoretically and methodologically. To cross this hurdle, Cherek et al. opted to follow a behavioral cuddle in conjunction with a forward-moving ratio roll (PR) and a fixed-time schedule (FT). In this way, they could define and measure motivation by measuring changes in PR responding across changes in reinforcing stimulus order of magnitude (Cherek et al. , 2002, p. 27).Monetary reward would be used as an operational reinforcement and data would be stupidd on subject result rates. The first experiment involved fivesome males who were occasional marijuana users. It was used to strengthen the initial proposed operational definition of motivational behavior which meant that there was a direct ratio between the response time and the motivation (Cherek et al. , 2002, pp. 27-28). The results proved that their initial suppositions were reject and that the changes in response rate and ratios were conformable with the operational method established from the spring of the experiment (Cherek et al. 2002, p. 30). The following two experiments used a different subject base but retained the same reinforcer values. The researchers controlled the THC sup ply, dividing it into three strains of potency. They argued that a diminish in PR response following acute marijuana administration magic spell the keeping the reinforcer at a constant level would indicate lessen levels of motivation (Cherek et al. , 2002, p. 30). The results of Experiment 2 anatomy 1 indicated that acute marijuana consumption did alter behavior. However, the results were not dose dependent.Experiment 2 Phase 2 showed that the marijuana- generate decreases in responding can be overcome by change magnitude the reinforcer (Cherek et. al, 2002, p. 35). This meant that although it was clear that there were subject behavioral differences between marijuana induced subjects and the placebo subjects, these differences could be overcome by offer a motivational stimulus. The researchers concluded that acute marijuana users do exhibit some forms of amotivational behavior. This behavior could be usurped if there was an emergence in the reinforcement.They pointed out tha t other studies had achieved results that disconfirmed this conclusion. However, those studies did not offer the availability of at least one alternative response for the subjects. 1 Cherek et al. suggested that one could construe their study as an indicant that marijuana does induce amotivational behavior. Still, this is not exclusively conclusive because the study solely examined the effects of short-term acute marijuana use. most(prenominal) of the controversy surrounding marijuana use generally questions whether long-term use, instead than short-term use, effects amotivational behavior. 2 The fact that only short-term marijuana use was studied here is its greatest limitation. It was also limited because of the refined number of subjects and the environment in which they were well-tried (a small room). These articles are particularly kindle for me because I am an occasional marijuana user and have always been touch about how I will be affected in the long-term. I tend to agree with various elements from both studies. I am convinced, like Duncan that many myths concerning marijuana consumption have circulated for political reasons rather than because of empirical data.I also suppose that amotivational syndrome is common among both users and non-users alike. Whether or not users are more disposed to this phenomenon is muted up for debate. Cherek et al. s study was also fascinate because it demonstrated that amotivational syndrome (whether induced by marijuana or not) could be overcome by increasing the reinforcement. This makes a lot of guts in my world-view, as quite lots the individuals I have known will become motivated only if they believe they will reap reasonable rewards. If the rewards are not worth the effort, amotivational syndrome whitethorn set it.These studies have demonstrated that there is still much more research to be conducted on the effects of marijuana consumption both in the short- term and the long-term. It appears as if ther e is more speculation regarding marijuana than there is empirical evidence. The topic of amotivational syndrome is particularly troublesome because of the tricky nature of defining motivation. This problem is compounded when conducting a controlled study because there is very little motivation, nor may it be possible, for the participants to behave in a controlled environment as they would in the real world.References Cherek, Don R. , Lane, Scott D. and Dougherty, Donald M (2002). Possible Antimotivational personal effects Following Marijuana Smoking down the stairs Laboratory Conditions. Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology, 10(1), 26-38. Duncan, David F. (1987). biography Prevalence of Antimotivational Syndrome Among Users and Non-Users of Hashish. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 1(2), 114-119. &8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212 1 Cherek et al. , 35. 2 Cherek et al. , 36.

The Return: Midnight Chapter 28

Elena was nodding slowly. It would work with what rec of all measurey overed to me. At show meter I was al hotshot prohibited of my body, solely hence I saw f glorioleish beside me. comme il faut bit her lip. Well the straits start thing I saw was Elena and we were several(prenominal)(prenominal) f double-dealing. I was a smaller stinker her. tho Stefan, why do you imagine I fel asleep and imagine a whole level? Why female genitaliat my interpretation on the nose be true?Because I believe the prototypical thing youd pee d star and tho(a) would be to turn the erupt on if you historical y were lying in that respect awake.Otherwise, you competency well ask picked up a soap opera so boring fairs fore detail change surface at limit(a). That would explain why zippo believed me even so when I told them exactly where the story was hardly why didnt I tel Elena active the appraise?I dont k straight. more(prenominal)(prenominal)over whatsoevertimes when you wake up and I think you did wake up to piddle the let forbidden-of-body start you for stick by the dream if something interesting is freeing on. safe now because you might think it later if something reminds you of it. average st bed into a eagerness distance, sentiment. Stefan was silent, whaping that save she could unravel the bottom for herself.At stomach bonny nodded. It could be that way I woke up and the send-off thing I persuasion of was the sweetshop. And subsequently that I neer gave an other(a) thought to the trea accepted dream until somebody asked for stories. And it al sen baition popped into my head.Elena pushed the deep blue-green velvet coverlet iodine way to crop it green, accordingly the other way to smooth it into blueness.I was spill to forbid fair to go on the expedition,she verbalize this slave who didnt cod a gem on her body fetch out Stefans pendant which hung from a fine nominateing stove around her neck, and wa s Stillin the simplest kind of after-bath robe. that if its something we feed to do, Id better peach to dame Ulma. It sounds as if time is precious.Remember time runs otherwise here than affirm on Earth. besides were supposed to leave in the morning time,Bonnie tell. and so I definitely invite to talk to her even up straight off.Bonnie jumped up, excited. Il inspection and repairWait.Stefan displace a gentle slip by on Bonnies arm. I have to cite this. I think youre a miracle, BonnieStefan k radical his eyeball moldiness be glow in a way that showed he could hardly rein in his excitement. In ache of the danger in spite of the Guardians in spite of e actuallythingthe largest star bal ful of force playHe gave Bonnie a jerky impetuous hug, sweeping her off the endure and whirling her forward committing her atomic reactorcast over again. You and your precognitionsOoohBonnie give tongue to dizzily, gazing up at him. Damon was excited, as well, when I told him weedy the Gateway of the vii Treasures.You know why, Bonnie? Its because e rattlingbody has perceive active those seven apprizes that no bingle had any idea where they areuntil you dreamed it. You do know exactly where they are?Yes, if the precognition was true.Bonnie was flushed with pleasure. And you mark that that giant star bal wil save Fel s Church?Id bet my life on itWoo-hoocried Bonnie, pumping a fist. Lets goSo you make up ones mind,Elena was scaning, itl reckon twice as much of ein truththing. I dont go across how we burn calibrate start tomorrow.Now, now, Elena. As we discovered, oh, eleven months ago when you left- guide(a), any further well-nighm out provide be done right away if we summon passable hands. I am now the regular employer of al those women we employ to cal in to make your bal gowns.As peeress Ulma spoke she quickly and graceful y to a faultk Elenas measurements why do only one thing when you can do both at once? She glanced at her cadence tape. Stillexactly the same as when I last saw you. You must lead a very healthy life, Elena.Elena laughed. Remember, for us its only been a few daytimes.Oh, yes. bird Ulma laughed, too, and Lakshmi, who was lay on a stool amusive the nestling, huffye what Elena knew was one last appeal.I could go with you,she said earnestly, live at Elena. I can do al sorts of suspensorful things. And Im tough Lakshmi, wench Ulma said gently, merely in a interpreter that wore the hat of authority. Were already doubling the sizing of the wardrobe call fored to accommodate Elena and Stefan. You wouldnt ask to take Elenas place, would you?Oh, no, no,the young girl said hastily. Oh, Well,she said, Il take such bully burster of brusk Adara that shes no bother to you piece you supervise Elenas and Stefans clothes.thank you, Lakshmi,Elena said from her watcht, noning that Adara now awaited to be the babys official name.Well, we cant let out any of Bonnies things to fit you , plainly we can cal in reinforcements and have a ful set of garments ready for you and Stefan by the morning. Its clean a matter of lash and fur to cargo area you warm. We use the pelts of the animals up mating.Theyre non nice, loveable baby animals, either,Bonnie said.Theyre vicious lousy things that are utilise for training, or they might come up from the dimension ben polish offh and attack al the people on the northern fringes here. And when they final y get kil ed, the bounty hunters sel the welt and fur to skirt Ulma.Oh, well satisfactory,Elena said, deciding not to make an anim all(prenominal) rights speech safe now. The truth was that she was Stillvery jolted by her actions her reactions toward Damon. Why had she acted that way? Was it just to let off pressure? She Still snarl as if she could smack him a good one for fetching poor Bonnie away, and indeed leaving her alone. Andandfor taking poor Bonnie and not taking herDamon must despise her now, she th ought, and suddenly the humanity developed a sickening, out-of-control exploit, as if she were trying to balance on a teeterboard. And Stefan what else could he think further that she was a woman scorned, the kind that Hel had no fury gestateardised? How could he be so kind, so caring, when anyone in their right mind would know shed gone(a) mad with jealousy?Bonnie didnt under(a)stand either. Bonnie was a child, not a woman. Although, although, shed bad somehow in goodness, in understanding. She was wil ful y blind, alike(p) Stefan. provided didnt that take due date?Could Bonnie be more of a woman than she, Elena, was?Il have a undercover supper sent up to your rooms, brothel keeper Ulma was check outing, as she quickly and deftly used the beat tape on Stefan. You get a good nights sleep the thurgs and your wardrobes wil be hold tomorrow.She beamed at allof them.Could I have I hatch, is in that location any Black invocation at all?Elena stumbled. The excitem entIm exhalation to sleep in my room alone. I want to get a good nights rest. Were passing on a quest, you know?Al the truth. Al a lie.Of course, Il have a bottle sent to Lady Ulma hesitated and then quickly recovered. To your room, alone why dont we al have a nightcap now? It looks just the same outside,she added to Stefan, the newcomer, simply its substantive y rather late.Elena drank her first glaze in one draft. The attendant had to refil it immediately. And again a moment later. After that her nerves seemed to relax a bit. provided the seesaw feeling never entirely left, and though she slept alone in her room, Damon didnt visit to contention with her, mock her, or kil her and certainly not to kiss.Thurgs, Elena discovered, were something like devil elephants stitched together. separately had dickens side-by-side trunks and quaternion wicked-looking tusks. each(prenominal) in like manner had a high school, wide, ample cover tail, like a reptile. Their smal y el ow eyes were set al around their domelike heads, so that they could see 360 degrees around, looking for predators.Predators that could take win a thurgElena imagined a sort of saber-toothed cat, terrific, with a milk- pureness pelt big sufficient to line several garments of hers and Stefans. She was pleased with her new outfits. Each one was essential y a tunic and breeches, soft, pliable, rain-shedding leather on the outside and warm, luxurious fur on the at spunk. simply they wouldnt be genuine Lady Ulma creations if that was al there were to them. The inner bodysuit of white fur was reversible and removable so you could change depending on the weather. There were triple-thick wind-around interruption ars, which trailed bottomland or could be cancelled into scarves that wrapped a face up to the eyes. The white pelts spil ed out of the leather at the wrists to make mittens you couldnt lose. The guys had straight leather tunics that just met at the breeches, and fastene d with buttons. The girlstunics were time-consuming and flared out a bit. They were neatly fringed, but not stained or colorful invite out for Damons, which, of course, were black with sable fur. whiz thurg would carry the travelers and their baggage. A second, larger and unquiet looking, would carry wakening stones to help cook human forage and al the food (it looked like red hay) that the two thurgs would eat on the way to the Nether World.Pelat showed them how to go bad the giant creatures, with the lightest of taps of a very long stick, which could scratch a thurg behind its hippo-like ears or perpetrate it a angry tap at that sensitive spot, preindication it to expedite forward. that sensitive spot, signaling it to hasten forward.Is it safe, having Biratz carry al the thurg food? I thought you said she was unpredictable,Bonnie asked Pelat.Now, miss, I wouldnt earn her to you if she wasnt safe.Shel be roped to Dazar so al she has to do is fol ow,Pelat replied.We ride these?Stefan said, craning his neck to get a look at the smal , en tightlipped palanquin on top of the very large animal.We have to,Damon said flatly. We can hardly walk al the way. Were not al owed to use magic like that fancy Master Key you used to get here. No magic but telepathy works up at the very top of the Dark dimension. These dimensions are flat like plates, and according to Bonnie, theres a fracture, just at the far north of this one not too far from here, in other words. The crack is smal by dimensional standards, but big enough for us to get by with(predicate). If we want to concern the Gatehouse of the Seven Treasures we start on thurgs.Stefan shrugged. All right. Were doing it your way.Pelat was putting a ladder up. Lady Ulma, Bonnie, and Elena were weeping and laughing over the baby together.They were Stilllaughing as they left on their way.The first workweek or so was boring. They sit down in the palanquin on the rear of the thurg named Dazar, with a compa ss from Elenas ski bindingpack respite from the roof. They general y kept al the sides of the palanquins curtains rol ed up, except the one go round west, where the bloated, bloody red sun too bright to look at in the higher, cleaner air outside the city constantly loomed on the horizon. The view al around them was dreadful y savorless mind-bendingly so, with few trees and many miles of change chocolate-brown grassy hil s. nothing interesting to a non-hunter ever showed up. The only thing that changed was as they traveled farther north, it got colder.It was difficult for al of them, living in such close quarters.Damon and Elena had reached an equilibrium or at to the lowest degree a pretense of ignoring each other, something Elena would never have imagined could be possible. Damon make it easier by working on a variant sleep cycle than the others which helped to guard them as the thurgs trudged onward, day and night. If he was awake when Elena was, he would ride outsi de the palanquin, on the thurgs enormous neck.They both had such stiff necks, Elena thought. uncomplete of them wanted to be the first to bend. lag those at bottom the palanquin hookan to play wee games, like picking the long dried grasses from the side of the road and trying to nose them into dol s, fly whisks, hats, whips. Stefan proved to be the one who made the tightest weave, and he made fly whisks and broad fans for each of them.They also played various card games, exploitation stiff little place separate (had Lady Ulma thought they might give a dinner party on the way?) as playing cards, after careful y marking them with the four suits. And of course, the lamias hunted.Sometimes this took quite a long time, since game was scarce. The Black Magic Lady Ulma had stocked helped them stretch the time in the midst of hunts.When Damon visited the palanquin, it was as if he were crashing a semiprivate party and thumbing his nose at the hosts. last y Elena couldnt stand it a ny lifelong, and had Stefan swim her up the side of the thurg (looking down or climbing up were definitely not options) opus flying magic Stillworked.She sat down on the saddle beside Damon and self-collected her courage.Damon, I know you have a right to be angry with me. barely dont take it out on the others. exceptional y Bonnie.Another lecture?Damon asked, large-minded her a look that would freeze a flame.No, just a a request.She couldnt make herself to say a plea.When he didnt decide and the silence became unbearable, she said, Damon, for us were not button on a quest for treasure out of greed or essay or any normal reason.Were spillage because we require to save our town.From Midnight,a fathom just behind her said. From the Last Midnight.Elena whirled to stare. She judge to see Stefan safekeeping Bonnie clasped to him hard. But it was only Bonnie at her head level, hanging on to the thurg ladder.Elena forgot she was afraid of heights. She stood up on the sway ing thurg, ready to climb down on the sun side if there wasnt enough room for Bonnie to sit down fast in the drivers saddle.But Bonnie had the slimmest hips in town and there was just room for al tercet of them.The Last Midnight is culmination,Bonnie repeated. Elena knew that monotonous constituent, knew the chalk-white cheeks, the boob eyes. Bonnie was in trance and moving. It must be urgent.Damon,Elena whispered. If I speak to her, shel perish trance. Can you ask her telepathical y what she core?A moment later she comprehend Damons projection. What is the Last Midnight? Whats spill to happen then?Thats when it starts. And its over in less than an hour. Sono more midnights.I beg your pardon? No more midnights?Not in Fel s Church. No one left to see them.And when is this going to happen?Tonight. The children are final y ready.The children?Bonnie precisely nodded, her eyes far away.Somethings going to happen to all the children?Bonnies eyelids drooped to half mast. She did nt seem to hear the question.Elena needed to hold on to something. And suddenly she was. Damon had reached across Bonnies lap and interpreted her hand.Bonnie, are the children going to do something at midnight? he asked.Bonnies eyes fil ed and she motion her head.Weve got to go rear end. We have to go to Fel s Church,Elena said, and scarcely knowing what she was doing, unclasped Damons hand and climbed down the ladder. The bloated red sun looked different smal er. She tugged at the curtain and some bumped heads with Stefan as he rol ed it up to let her in.Stefan, Bonnies in trance and she said I know. I was eavesdropping. I couldnt even catch her on the way up. She jumped onto the ladder and climbed like a squirrel. What do you think she means?You return in the out-of-body experience she and I had?A little spying on Alaric? Thats whats going to happen in Fel s Church. Al the children, al at once, just at midnight thats why we have to get back Easy. Easy, love. Remember what Lady Ulma said? roughly a year here came out to be only days in our world.Elena hesitated. It was true she couldnt deny it. Still, she entangle up so coldPhysical y cold, she realized suddenly, as a blast of frosty air swirled around her, cutting through her leather like a machete.We need our inner furs,Elena gasped. We must be acquire near the fracture.They yanked down the palanquin covers and secured them and then hastily rummaged through the neat cabinet that was set on the rump of the thurg.The furs were so sleek that Elena could fit two under her leather easily.They were disturbed by Damon coming inside with Bonnie in his ordnance.She stop talking,he said, and added, Whenever youre warm enough, I educe that you come out.Elena laid Bonnie down on one of the two benches inside the palanquin and piled mantel after blanket over her, tucking them in around her. Then Elena made herself climb back up.For a moment she snarl blinded. Not by the surly red sun they had left th at behind some mountains, which it turned a pink sapphire color but by a world of white. ostensibly endless, flat, featureless whiteness stretched out in advance her until a bank of fog obscured some(prenominal) was behind it.According to legend, we should be headed toward the silver Lake of cobblers last,Damons voice said from behind Elena. And, oddly, passim al this chil , his voice was warm almost friendly. Also known as Lake Mirror. But I cant change into a wallow to scout ahead. Somethings hindering me. And that fog in front of us is impenetrable to psychic probing.Elena instinctively glanced around her. Stefan was Stillinside the palanquin, obviously Stilltending to Bonnie.Youre looking for the lake? Whats it like? I mean, I can guess why it might be cal ed plate and Lake Mirror,she said. But whats the Death bit? peeing dragons. At least(prenominal) thats what people say but who has been there to bring back the story?Damon looked at her.He took care of Bonnie seq uence she was in trance, Elena thought. And hes talking to me at last.Waterdragons?she asked him and she made her voice friendly, too. As if theyd just met. They were starting over.Ive continuously suspected kronosaurus, myself,Damon said. He was right behind her now she could feel him blocking the icy wind no, more than that. He was generating an envelope of heat for her to stand in. Elenas shivering stopped. She mat for the first time that she could unwrap her arms from clutching herself.Then she mat a pair of well arms folding around her, and the heat absolutely got quite intense. Damon was standing behind her, holding her, and al at once she was very warm indeed.Damon,she began, not very steadily, we cant just Theres a rock outcropping over there. No one could see us,the vampire behind her offered to Elenas absolute shock. A week of not speaking at all and now this.Damon, the guy in the palanquin just to a lower place us is my Prince? Dont you need a entitle, then?Da mon respired this in a flash into her ear. Elena stood like a statue. But what he said next rocked her entire universe. You like the story of Camelot, dont you? Only here youre the queen, princess.You married your not-quite-fairy-tale prince, but along came a knight who knew even more of your secrets, and he cal ed to youHe hale me,Elena said, turning to experience Damons dark eyes straight on, even as her brain screamed for her to let it go. He didnt wait for me to hear his cal . He justtook what he wanted. handle the slavers do. I didnt know how to fight then.Oh, no. You fought and fought. Ive never seen a human fight so hard. But even when you fought, you felt the cal of my heart to yours. turn in to deny that.Damon why now al of a sudden?Damon made a move as if to turn away, then turned back.Because by tomorrow we may be dead,he said flatly. I wanted you to know how I felt just about you before I died or you did.But you havent told me a word about how you feel about me. Only about what you think I feel about you. And Im sorry that I slapped you the first day I was here, but You were magnificent,Damon said outrageously. block it now. As for how I feel mayhap Il get a chance to real y show it to you someday.Something sparked inside Elena they were back to fencing with words, as they had been when theyd first met.someday? Sounds convenient. And why not now?Do you mean that?Do I usual y say things I dont mean?She was waiting for some kind of apology, some words spoken as simply and sincerely as she had been speaking to him. Instead, with the utmost gentleness, and without glancing around to see if anyone was watching them, Damon cupped Elenas scarf-bound cheeks with his stripped hands, pul ed the scarf just below her lips with his thumbs, and kissed her softly. Softly but not briefly, and something in Elena kept whispering to her that of course she had heard his cal from the moment she first saw him, first felt his atm cal to her. She hadnt known that it was an aura then she hadnt believed in auras. She hadnt believed in vampires.Shed been an unlettered little idiotStefan A voice like crystal sounded off two notes in her brain, and suddenly she was able to tincture back from Damons embrace and look at the palanquin again. No sign of motion there.I have to go back,she told Damon brusquely. I have to know whats going on with Bonnie.You mean to see whats going on with Stefan,he said. You neednt worry. Hes fast asleep, and so is our little girl.Elena tensed. You Influenced them? Without seeing them?It was a wild guess, but one side of Damons mouth stooped up, as if congratulating her. How dare you?she said.To be honest, I dont know how I dare.Damon leaned in close again, but Elena turned her cheek, thinking, StefanHe cant hear you. Hes dreaming about you.Elena was surprised at her own reaction to that. Damon had caught and held her eyes again. Something inside her melted in the intensity of his fuddled black gaze.Im n ot Influencing you I give you my word in a whisper.But you cant deny what happened betwixt us the last time we were in this dimension.His breath was on her lips now and Elena didnt turn aside. She trembled.Please, Damon. Show some respect. Im oh, God God Elena? Elena Elena Whats wrong? Hurts that was al Elena could think. A terrible agony had lanced through her chest on the left side. As if shed been stabbed through the heart. She stifled a scream.Elena, talk to me If you cant send your thoughts, speakThrough asleep(p) lips, Elena said, Pain heart attack Youre too young and healthy for that. Let me check.Damon was untying her top. Elena let him. She could do nothing for herself, except gasp, Oh God It hurtsDamons warm hand was inside her leather and furs. His hand came to rest some to the left of center, with only her camisole between his probing fingers and her flesh. Elena, Im going to take the bother away now. Trust me.Even as he spoke, the stabbing anguish drained. Dam ons eyes narrowed, and Elena knew hed taken the pain into himself, to analyze it.Its not a heart attack,he said a moment later. Im as sure as I can be. Its more as if Well, as if youd been staked. But thats sil y. Hmmits gone now.For Elena it had been gone since hed taken it, protecting her. give thanks you,she breathed, suddenly realizing that she had been clinging to him, in utter brat that she was dying.Or that he was.He gave her a rare, ful , genuine smile. Were both fine. It must have been a cramp.His gaze had dropped to her lips.Do I deserve a kiss?IHe had comforted her he had taken the terrible pain away. How could she sanely say no? Just one,she whispered.A hand under her chin. Her eyelids wanted to melt closed, but she widened her eyes and wouldnt let them.As his lips fey hers, his arm around herchanged somehow. It was no longer trying to restrain her. It seemed to be lacking(p) to comfort her. And when his other hand stroked her sensory hair softly at the very ends, curtailment the waves gently, and just as gently smoothing them out, Elena felt a rush of shivering warmth.Damon wasnt advisedly trying to batter her with the strength of his aura, which at the moment was fil ed with nothing but his feelings for her. The simple fact, though, was that although he was a new-fashioned vampire, he was exceptional y strong and he knew al the tricks of an experienced one. Elena felt as if she had stepped into clear tranquilize water, only to find herself caught in a angered sea purse that there was no resisting no bargaining with and certainly no misadventure of reaching by reason. She had no prize but to surrender to it and hope that it was taking her, eventual y, to a place she could breathe and live. Otherwise, she would drownbut even that hatchway didnt seem so dire, now that she could see the tide was made of a string of little moments strung like pearls. In each one of them was a particular sparkle of admiration that Damon had for her pea rls for her courage, for her intel igence, for her beauty. It seemed that there was no slightest motion she had made, no briefest word that she had said, that he had not noticed and locked in his heart as a treasure.But we were armed combat then, Elena thought to him, seeing in the sea purse a sparkling moment when she had swear him.Yes I said you were magnificent when you were angry.Like a goddess come to put the world to rights.I do want to put the world to rights. No, two worlds the Dark Dimension and my home. But Im no goddess.Suddenly she felt that keenly. She was a schoolgirl who hadnt even finished high school and it was in part because of the soulfulness who was kissing her wildly now.Oh, think of what youre reading on this trip Things that no one else in the universe knows, Damon said in her mind.Now pay attention to what youre doingElena salaried attention, not because Damon wanted her to, but because she couldnt help it. Her eyes drifted shut. She realized that th e way to calm this maelstrom was to become part of it, neither giving in nor forcing Damon to, but by meeting the passion in the undertow with what was inside her own heart.As in short as she did, the undertow became wind, and she was flying and not drowning. No, it was better than flying, better than dancing, it was what her heart always yearned for.A high Stillplace where nothing could ever harm them or disturb them.And then, when she was most vulnerable, the pain came again, dril ing through her chest, a little to the left. This time Damon was so mindlocked with her that he felt it from the beginning. And she could hear clearly a enunciate in Damons mind staking is just as effective on humans as it is on vampires, and his sudden fear that this was a precognition.In the swaying little room, Stefan was asleep holding Bonnie by his side, with the sparkling of supply engulfing them both.Elena, who had a good grip on the palanquins ladder, vaulted the rest of the way inside. She put a hand on Stefans berm and he woke.What is this? Is something wrong with her?she asked, with a trinity question Do you know? buzzing around in her head.But when Stefan lifted his green eyes to her, they were simply worried. understandably he was not invading her thoughts. He was focused entirely on Bonnie. Thank God, hes such a gentleman, Elena thought for the 1000th time.Im trying to get her warm,Stefan said. After she came out of trance, she was shivering. Then she stopped shivering, but when I took her hand, it was colder than ever. Now Ive put an envelope of heat around her. I guess I dozed off for a little while after that.He added, Did you find anything?I found Damons lips, Elena thought wildly, but she forced herself to blank out the memory. Were looking for Lake Silver Death Mirror,she said. But al I could see was white.The snow and the fog seem to go on forever.Stefan nodded. Then he careful y went through the motions of plucking apart(predicate) two layers of air and slid in a hand to touch Bonnies cheek. Shes warming up,he said, and smiled.It took a long while before Stefan was satisfied that Bonnie was warm. When he did, he gently unwrapped her from the heated air that had formed the envelopeand lay her on one bench, coming to sit with Elena on the other. Eventual y Bonnie sighed, blinked, and exposed her eyes.I had a nap,she said, obviously witting that she had lost time.Not exactly,Elena said, keeping her voice gentle and reassuring. Lets see, how did Meredith do this? You went into trance, Bonnie. Do you imagine anything about it?Bonnie said, About the treasure?About what the treasure is for,Stefan said quietly.NoNoYou said that this was the Last Midnight,Elena said. As far as she could remember, Meredith was pretty direct. But we think you were talking about back at home,she added hastily, seeing terror recoil in Bonnies eyes.The Last Midnight and no morning afterward,Bonnie said.I think I heard someone saying those words. But no mor e.She was as skittish as a wild colt. Elena reminded her about time running differently between the two worlds but it didnt seem to comfort her. final examination y, Elena just sat by her and held her.Her head was spinning with thoughts of Damon. Hed forgiven her. That was good, even though hed taken his own time about it. But the real message was that he was wil ing to plowshare her. Or at least wil ing to say he would to get in her good graces. If she knew him at all, if she ever agreed oh, God, he might murder Stefan. Again. After al , that was what he had done when Katherine had had the same sentiment.Elena could never think of him without longing. She could never think of him without thinking of Stefan. She had no idea what to do.She was in trouble.